Citizenship can be obtained in Sao Tome and Principe at birth or later in life through naturalization.

By birth

As a rule, nationality at birth is determined jus soli in Sao Tome and Principe. Those who meet the requirements include:

Persons born in Sao Tome and Principe, provided that the parents are residents and do not have diplomatic immunity.

Orphans, with no visible evidence of their parents' nationality.

Individuals born in Sao Tome and Principe who would otherwise be stateless.

By naturalization

Naturalization can be granted to persons who understand the Portuguese language or another dialect and have lived in Sao Tome and Principe for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate that they understand the customs and traditions of the country.

The general requirements are that these individuals have not committed crimes against the state or crimes that carry serious punishment, and have the financial capacity to support themselves.

Applicants must prove residency for at least five years.

In addition to eligible foreigners, other individuals who may apply for naturalization include:

Persons born abroad to parents who are residents of Sao Tome and Principe may acquire citizenship upon reaching the age of 18, if their birth has been registered at consular offices.

Spouse of a citizen of Sao Tome and Principe.

Children of naturalized residents of Sao Tome and Principe.

Children adopted by citizens of Sao Tome and Principe are automatically granted citizenship.

Individuals who have made exceptional contributions to their country may be eligible for naturalization without eligibility.

Loss of citizenship

Citizens of Sao Tome and Principe are allowed to renounce their citizenship, provided they do not become stateless. Individuals who have previously lost their right to naturalization in Sao Tome and Principe may repatriate if they have lived in the country for at least two years.

Dual citizenship

Sao Tome and Principe has allowed dual citizenship since 2003. The main restriction on dual citizenship is that the president and prime minister must only own citizenship of Sao Tome and Principe.