The country's medical service is represented by both state hospitals and private clinics. Only the Central Hospital named after Ayres de Menezes in Sao Tome offers diagnostic equipment, qualified specialists and special care for patients. In general, the number of medical facilities in Sao Tome and Principe is limited, and the level of medical care offered is relatively low. For serious illnesses, emergencies and less common illnesses, patients must travel to countries such as Gabon, Portugal or South Africa for treatment. Given the high costs involved, travelers and expats in the country should purchase comprehensive travel insurance or international medical insurance that includes medical evacuation coverage.

Yellow fever vaccination is required to enter the country.

Infections and parasitic pathology dominate among the diseases in Sao Tome and Principe. Tuberculosis, hepatitis, various intestinal infections are common.

Tap water is not recommended for drinking and cooking, for this you should use bottled or boiled water. Vegetables and fruits must be thoroughly washed before eating.