Belgium is one of the economic centers of Europe with a large number of international companies and institutions. There are many open positions in the country, but there is a shortage of qualified specialists. The main economic activity is concentrated in Flanders and the Brussels region in such cities as Antwerp, Ghent, Leuven, Kortrijk, Ypres, Hasselt, and Brussels. Wallonia has the most developed tourism and agricultural sectors.
Types of work contracts
Unofficial work in Belgium is strictly punishable by law, so you can work only after obtaining a work permit and signing a work contract. Main types of contracts:
Interim - is arranged through a third party - an interim office that hires you and sells your services to other companies. Usually, it is concluded for a week for a certain amount of work and is extended as needed. It is a very popular type of contract.
Temporary contract - concluded either through an interim office for a longer period than an interim contract, or directly with the employer for a specified period.
Permanent contract - concluded directly with the employer for an indefinite period.
Belgium has many large-scale industrial productions, plants and factories, as well as large ports and highways, so the most popular industries are
- - Chemical industry
- - Food industry
- - Pharmacology
- - Transportation and logistics
- - Manufacturing (metallurgy, textiles, clothing)
- - Construction
- - International trade
- - STEM (science, technology, engineering, math)
The most popular professions
The competition for talent in the Belgian labor market is very strong. The economy is currently recovering from the covid crisis and most companies are in need of qualified specialists.
Among the current specialties:
- technical staff: electricians, plumbers, production handymen, etc;
- healthcare professionals: doctors, nurses, caregivers;
- logisticians;
- sales and customer service specialists;
- support managers;
- business analysts;
- project managers;
- financiers and insurance agents;
- IT specialists, engineers;
- HR and recruiters;
- service sector workers (HORECA, home care).
Job Search Resources
Regional employment services
in Flanders - VDAB;
in Wallonia - Forem;
in the Brussels region - Actiris.
Intercom offices
Adecco
Forum Jobs
Tempo-team
Accent Jobs
Page Personnel
Recruitment agencies
Hays
Hudson
Michael Page
Mercuri Urval
Robert Half
Work in Belgium for Ukrainians
The first thing refugees face in any country is the language barrier. It makes the job search much more difficult. But Belgium provides an opportunity to take free Belgian language courses.
The average salary offered on the labor market for Ukrainians varies between 2500-4000 EUR, depending on the position.
Among the most popular industries:
- construction
- repair
- drivers of motor vehicles
Often, the employer does not require language skills for these jobs.
The europa.jobs portal constantly updates job offers from various companies. Work in Belgium for married couples is also possible, but vacancies are less frequent.
Groups in social networks where Belgians post vacancies that they want to close as soon as possible:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/635115007595419
https://www.facebook.com/groups/387385848364870
https://www.facebook.com/groups/420282382172909
What is it like to work in Belgium?
If you are looking for a job in Belgium, you should learn about the Belgian work culture:
Organizational structures and hierarchy
Belgium is made up of three distinct administrative regions with unique cultural and linguistic differences. In the Flemish region of Flanders, organizations, managers allow junior employees to participate in decision-making and collaborate on critical business issues. In Wallonia, on the other hand, the relationship between senior and junior employees tends to be more formal. Knowing about the region you are moving to can help you understand the specifics of the organizational culture and build positive relationships in the workplace.
Working hours
A typical workday starts at 8.30 or 9.00 am and ends at 5.30 or 6.00 pm. Employees usually work four or five days a week, depending on their position, seniority, company and industry. Many Belgian employers have switched to a four-day workweek, with employees working slightly longer from Monday to Thursday to have a three-day weekend. In general, employees at all levels have a healthy work-life balance and respect traditional working hours. Overtime is rare, except in emergencies when employees work longer hours to address a crisis situation.
Dress code in Belgium
In the Belgian work environment, clothing is quite formal, elegant in a more traditional sense. Men should wear dark suits and ties, while women should wear business suits, dresses or skirts and blouses.
Short-stay visas are also commonly known as Schengen visas or type C visas. These visas allow entry to all Schengen countries with a maximum stay of 90 days within a 180-day period. You can apply for a short-stay visa to attend a business event or training in Belgium. However, this visa is not a work permit.
If you are not an EU/EFTA citizen and plan to work in Belgium for less than 90 days, you will need a work permit. With this permit, you can apply for a short-term visa to travel to Belgium.
Citizens of African countries for temporary employment need to obtain a work permit and a short-term visa. Citizens of Mauritius and the Republic of Seychelles do not need a short-term visa to enter Belgium.
Requirements
If you need to attend a business event or training in Belgium, you will need an official invitation to apply for a visa. If you plan to take up a seasonal job or work in Belgium for a short period of time, you will need an employment contract and a work permit.
Your employer has to apply for a work permit with the relevant regional authorities in Belgium. He will also have to obtain a work permit from the Belgian municipality once it is ready and send it to you. After that, you can apply to your local Belgian embassy or consulate with your work permit to get a short-term visa to Belgium.
How to apply?
You need to apply for a visa at your local Belgian embassy or consulate at least 15 days before your travel date. To fill out the application form, you will need to submit the following documents:
- Completed visa application form
- Updated passport photo
- Passport valid for the duration of your stay in Belgium
- Travel health insurance data
- Proof of residence in Belgium for the period of your stay
- Confirmation of financial resources to cover your stay
- Employment contract or letter of invitation to a business event/training in Belgium
- Round-trip flight information confirming that you will leave Belgium at the end of the working period
How much does it cost to apply for a visa?
The visa fee for a type C (short-term) visa is 90 euros. You will need to pay in advance and submit proof of payment with your application.
How long is the visa valid for?
Short-term visas allow for a stay of up to 90 days within a 180-day (six-month) period and cannot be extended. However, short-term Schengen visas of type C allow multiple entries. This means that you can split your 90 days of work into several shorter periods within the 180-day limit.
Who can work in Belgium?
Anyone who meets the criteria and requirements set by European countries can work in Belgium. Most European countries have their own programs, through which they usually attract foreign specialists and fill the shortage of jobs in various sectors of the country.
How to get a Schengen work visa for Belgium?
There is no Schengen work visa. You can get a Schengen visa for other purposes such as tourism, visiting family and friends, business, medical purposes, etc. However, you cannot get a Schengen visa to work in Belgium. You are not allowed to work while holding a Schengen visa for other purposes.
However, you can work in the Schengen area if you have a national (D) visa for employment issued by one of the 26 European countries that are members of the Schengen area.
Work visa
Each of the Schengen countries has its own visa policy, which differs from one country to another. The work visa programs in European countries were created to meet the labor needs of the respective countries and to fill the shortage of jobs.
Thus, the criteria and requirements for a work visa, as well as the application process, largely depend on the labor needs of each country.
Who needs a visa to work in Belgium?
Citizens of the United States, Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland and EU citizens do not need to apply for a work visa to Belgium. However, upon arrival in the country where they will be working, they must apply for a residence permit and a work permit.
Citizens of other countries must apply for and receive a work visa before entering Schengen territories for the purpose of work.
What are the requirements for obtaining a Belgian work visa?
The standard requirements for obtaining a Belgian work visa are as follows
1) Application form. Completely filled out and printed twice. Do not forget to sign both copies at the end!
2) Two identical photographs. These photos must have been taken within the last three months in accordance with the general photo criteria for a Schengen visa.
3) A valid passport. Your passport must be at least ten years old and valid for at least three months on the date you plan to leave the Schengen area. Make sure it has at least two blank pages for the visa sticker.
4) Booking of round-trip air tickets. It should include dates and flight numbers of entry and exit from the Schengen area.
5) Travel medical insurance. Coverage of any emergency medical care with inpatient treatment and return to the home country due to emergency medical care up to 30,000 euros. The insurance must be valid in all Schengen countries and purchased prior to obtaining a visa.
6) Proof of residence. A document that shows where you will live in the Schengen area, i.e. a lease agreement.
7) Employment contract. An employment contract concluded between you and your future employer residing in the Schengen area.
8) Proof of academic qualifications. Such as diplomas, certificates, report cards, etc.
9) Proof of language proficiency. Most countries want you to fit in, even if you only plan to work there for one year. That's why many of them will ask you to meet a certain level of proficiency in their official language.
Please note that these are only the basic requirements that you will need to fulfill to obtain a visa to Belgium. Each of the Schengen countries, as well as other European states that are not part of this zone, have additional requirements.
To obtain a Belgian visa, follow these steps:
- Check what visas are offered by the country where you want to work.
- Find out if you are eligible for a work visa to Belgium.
- meet the criteria for a Belgian work visa; some countries will require you to find a job before applying for a visa. Make sure you fulfill these requirements before applying for a visa.
- Collect the necessary documents for a work visa.
- Schedule an interview for a visa.
- Come to the interview with all the necessary documents.
- Wait for your visa to be processed.
Keep in mind that this is just a standard procedure for applying for a work visa in Belgium. The exact process may vary from country to country.
Apply for a visa at the diplomatic mission of the country where you will work in your country of residence.
This diplomatic mission can be one of the following:
1) Embassy
2) Consulate
3) Visa center
It is recommended that you apply for a visa to Belgium at least two months before traveling to the Schengen country where you plan to work. The reason for this is that the Belgian processing of an application for a work visa takes six weeks. In exceptional cases, the processing time can be extended to 12 weeks.
Most European work visas are valid for one year. However, in most countries, visa holders have the opportunity to apply for a visa extension after the visa expires.
The validity of your visa, as well as some other information, will be indicated on the visa sticker attached to your passport. Read the visa sticker in your passport carefully for more information.
You will be able to extend your Belgian work permit. There is an application process and some necessary documents that you will need to collect and submit to the competent Belgian authorities before your visa/residence permit expires.
Please note that Belgium has legalized the four-day work week. Belgians are offered to work four days a week, provided that the working day lasts 9.5 hours. This means that their working week will be slightly shorter than the traditional one - 38 hours instead of 40.
There are more than a million self-employed people in Belgium, and most of them, especially in Brussels, are foreigners.
Belgium has an open economy, and the business culture in Belgium is quite formal, like its European neighbors. According to EU statistics, there are over 620,000 active businesses in Belgium. Most of them are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
If you are planning to start a business in Belgium, do some research on the local market. If you think you have a business idea that is worth developing, you can get support from the European Enterprise Network. There are many sectors in which expats can start a business in Belgium. The largest sector in the country is the service sector, with travel, financial and IT services showing strong positions. Manufacturing is also a key sector, accounting for about one-sixth of GDP. Petrochemicals, food and beverages, and scientific equipment are the leading sectors of Belgian manufacturing.
Who can start a business in Belgium?
Starting a business in Belgium is quite easy for anyone who is a resident and over 18 years old (16 years old for artisans and craftsmen). Foreigners can set up a business in Belgium, although non-EU/EFTA nationals may need a visa to enter Belgium as well as a Belgian residence permit.
Depending on the industry in which you are starting a business, you may need to provide evidence that you have certain skills (e.g., a degree), including entrepreneurial and management skills. Some professions in Belgium are regulated and subject to licensing, which means that you must meet certain conditions before you can start working. More information about regulated professions can be found on the website Business Belgium. If you start your own business, you must also register with the social security fund and pay contributions;
How to start a business in Belgium if you are an expat?
Obtaining a professional card (Belgian permit) to start a business
EU/EFTA citizens do not need a permit
If you are an EU/EFTA citizen, you can open a business in Belgium without any restrictions and do not need a permit.
Citizens of non-EU/EFTA countries need a professional card
If you are a non-EU/EFTA citizen, if you do not already have a residence permit in Belgium, you must apply for a professional card (carte professionelle/ beroepskaart) to start a business in Belgium. The professional card acts as your work permit. You can apply for the card when you apply for your Belgian visa by contacting the Belgian embassy or consulate in your home country before you arrive in Belgium. They will forward your application to the authorization service of the Federal Public Service (FPS) for a fee of 140 euros. You will also be advised on the required documents, which may include information about your proposed business, finances, qualifications and experience.
If your application is successful, the FPS will issue you a card that will initially be valid for 1-5 years. You can then renew the card for 90 euros per year. More information on the Belgian Professional Card and how to apply in the different regions can be found on the Business Belgium website.
Registration of your business
It involves several steps:
1. Choosing a company name - This is the first step after deciding on the legal structure of your business. This is the name under which you register and brand your business. The choice of a company name in Belgium is free and has no restrictions, provided that no other company has an identical name. More information, as well as a link to search for existing companies, can be found on the FPS website.
2. Preparation of company documents - If you are setting up a limited liability company and registering a business in Belgium, you will need to draw up a memorandum of association and have it notarized.
3. Registering with Crossroads Bank for Enterprises - Before you can carry out business activities, you need to register for trade. After that, you will receive a company number, which also serves as a VAT and social security number. This can be done at any authorized office. For a list of offices in Belgium, see here.
4. Registration with the VAT authorities - Companies providing goods or services subject to the Belgian VAT code must register for VAT.
5. Registration with the social security fund - All self-employed workers in Belgium are responsible for their own social security and must register with the social security fund through which social security contributions are made. Also make sure that you are registered with a health insurance fund in Belgium.
The authorized offices where you register your business in Belgium work as one-stop centers where you can also deal with VAT and social security issues. You can find the nearest office on the FPS website.
Setting up an offshore company
If you are considering setting up an offshore company, i.e. a company that is registered, incorporated or established outside your country of residence, there are a few key pros and cons to keep in mind.
Offshore incorporation is a simple process in all popular offshore financial centers and tax havens around the world. They can provide a wide range of benefits for the company and its executives.
Starting an online business in Belgium
In 2018, the e-commerce market in Belgium was worth 10.67 billion euros, and the number of online-only companies is growing every year. The process of setting up an online business in Belgium is much the same as setting up a standard business. You still need the necessary business permit, you must register the business and follow the same tax and administrative procedures.
Business visa is a permit of the specified destination country/countries within the Schengen area issued to citizens of countries with mandatory visa requirements from the Schengen area for the sole purpose of doing business in Belgium.
The visa holder is not required to be a citizen of the country in question to engage in his or her business program, but such a permit also has its limitations.
The following documents are required to apply for a Schengen business visa:
1) Application for a visa. Fully completed and signed.
2) Two recent photographs must be attached. Both photos must be taken within the last three months in accordance with the photo requirements for a Schengen visa.
3) A valid passport. It must be valid for at least three months after the date you plan to leave the Schengen area. Old passports with visas (if available).
4) Reservation or round-trip itinerary. It should include dates and flight numbers indicating entry and exit from the Schengen area. You can use visa consulting services like this one. The representatives of the consulting agencies can fulfill most of the mandatory requirements for your business visas, such as flight itineraries and hotel reservations, as well as free consultations by email.
5) Travel insurance policy. A document that confirms that you have medical insurance for traveling throughout the Schengen area with a minimum coverage of 30,000 euros in case of any medical emergency, such as illness, accidents, and even repatriation in case of death. An insurance policy accepted by the EU authorities when applying for a business visa.
6) Proof of residence. A document stating where you will live during your stay in the Schengen area. It can be a hotel reservation, a lease agreement or an invitation letter from the host where you will live.
7) Proof of financial means. Proof that you have enough money to support yourself financially during your business trip to Belgium. It can be one of the following:
а) A bank account statement showing that you have enough money in your account for the trip. The statement must be no older than 3 months.
b) Sponsorship letter - from another person confirming that he/she will financially support your trip to the Schengen area. For this letter to be valid, it must be accompanied by a bank statement from the sponsor not older than three months.
в) A combination of your bank statement and a sponsorship letter.
8) Confirmation of payment of the visa fee.
9) Cover letter. Explanation of the purpose of the visit to the Schengen country.
10) A brief description of the applicant's work.
11) Letter from the employer. A detailed description of the purpose of the trip and the route of the days spent in the Schengen area.
12) Invitation letter. Written by a partner company in the Schengen area, also sent by fax to the relevant consulate. This letter should look like an invitation to attend meetings or other relevant events related to trade, industry or work.
13) Proof of financial means. The employer's letter or invitation from the partner company must state that one of the parties will cover the applicant's travel expenses during his/her stay in the Schengen area.
For employees:
а) Employment contract.
б) A current bank statement within the last 6 months.
c) Permission for vacation from the employer.
d) Income tax return (ITR) form or certificate of withholding tax collection.
For the self-employed:
а) A copy of your commercial license.
b) a bank statement of the company within the last 6 months.
c) Income tax return (ITR).
You must apply for a Schengen business visa at the consulate or embassy of the country you will most often enter or stay in during your business trip.
1) If you are planning to visit only one country, then you need to contact the embassy/consulate/visa center of the country you are going to visit.
2) If you are planning to visit more than one country, where you need to apply depends on the number of days you will spend in each of the countries you will be traveling to.
а) If you stay an equal number of days in each country, then you need to contact the embassy/consulate/visa center of the country where you arrive first.
б) If you stay unequal number of days in each country, then you will need to contact the embassy/consulate/visa center of the country where you will spend more time.
When applying for a business Schengen visa, you need to follow a few simple steps:
- Check which embassy/consulate you need to apply to. In order to apply for a business visa in the right place, you need to know which country should issue you a business visa (if you plan to visit more than one Schengen state).
- Make an appointment at the embassy/consulate/visa center
- Attend the visa interview. Take all the necessary documents for a business visa.
- Wait for a response. In the meantime, the embassy will process your visa, which will pass through EU security systems such as the Visa Information System and the Schengen Information System.
When to apply for a business visa?
The earliest deadline for applying for a business visa is three months before the planned trip, and the latest deadline is no later than 15 business days before you are going to travel to Europe for business purposes.
The best time to apply for a business Schengen visa is at least three weeks before your business trip to Belgium.
How long is a business Schengen visa valid for?
A business visa is usually valid for a stay of no more than 90 days. If you will be traveling a lot and not only in one Schengen country, it is recommended to fill in the "multiple entry" box in the application form. This way, you will be able to enter and leave the Schengen area at your own discretion during the time allowed by your visa.
Please carefully read the labels attached to the business visa sticker, including the period that allows you to stay in Belgium, otherwise there may be consequences for an overstayed Schengen visa.
How long does it take to get a Schengen work visa?
On average, the processing time for a business Schengen visa is 10 working days. During this period, the applicant will be informed whether the business Schengen visa has been granted or rejected.
However, depending on the situation, the processing time for a business visa to Europe may take longer if there is something extraordinary in a particular case or if a political situation is developing.
Please note that Belgium has legalized the four-day work week. Belgians are offered to work four days a week, provided that the working day lasts 9.5 hours. This means that their working week will be slightly shorter than the traditional one - 38 hours instead of 40.
Usable resources
The Federal Public Service for the Economy of SMEs, the Self-Employed and Energy (FPS) provides information on self-employment in Belgium, most of it in English.
Business Belgium - also part of the FPS, contains detailed official information in English on starting a business in Belgium.
Belgian Social Security (Service Public Federal Securite Sociale) - the website of the FPS social security.
Working hours
The average working time under Belgian labor law is 38 hours per week, no more than 8 hours per day.
Employees may work more than 38 hours per week only if the average working hours on a quarterly or annual basis are 38 hours per week.
However, Belgian working time legislation provides for at least 3 hours of daily working time, with some legal exceptions.
Work at night, on Sundays and on public holidays is regulated by law.
Recently, the Belgian Labor Code introduced new provisions on a four-day work week.
Employees can work up to 10 hours per day with the consent of trade unions and work one day less per week for the same salary.
Salary, vacation and other benefits from the employer
Generally, employers are required to pay their employees a salary equal to or higher than the minimum wage set by the government.
The minimum wage in Belgium in 2024 for employees over the age of 18 has increased to 2029.88 euros per month.
Vacation for the current year is calculated based on the hours worked last year. If you have just joined the company and want to take a break, you can take your vacation "on credit". This means that vacation payments will be deducted from the payments scheduled for the next year.
There are several types of vacations:
- main (20 working days);
- additional paid time off (each employer determines the number of days);
- additional unpaid;
- study leave (up to 10 working days per academic year);
- additional leave for personal needs (weddings, death of loved ones, birth of a child, etc.).
Here are some ways to increase your chances of getting a job in Belgium:
Improve your language skills
The labor market in Belgium is highly competitive and multilingual workers are in high demand. Speaking one or more of the country's three official languages can increase your chances of finding a job.
Language requirements in Belgium
Belgium has three official languages, which include:
Netherlands: The Flemish community speaks Dutch and lives in the capital Brussels and the Flanders region in the north of the country.
French: This is the main language of the Walloon region, which lies south of Brussels.
German: Most German speakers in Belgium live in the southeastern region.
Some Belgian citizens speak one or more of these languages as well as English. Although English is used in multinational companies and international organizations, a basic knowledge of the language used in the region where you plan to move can help you communicate with colleagues and other members of the community;
Take online courses or use language apps to improve your Dutch, French, and German.
Join an international company
The European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are both based in Brussels. Such international organizations and multinational companies are more likely to hire foreign workers who are fluent in English. Searching for jobs in English-speaking organizations can help you find a suitable position even if you do not speak the national language.
Job search through state employment centers
Each of the four administrative regions of Belgium has a separate state employment center, for example
Actiris for Brussels
Le Forem for Wallonia
VDAB for Flanders
ADG for the German community
You can visit these sites to search for jobs in your region and industry. In addition to listing available vacancies, these sites offer professional career guidance and training courses to suitable candidates. Alternatively, you can check with your current employer to see if they have any relocation programs to temporarily relocate to a branch office in Belgium.
Update your resume
When you are looking for a job, a resume is your first opportunity to inform a prospective employer about your skills, professional experience, education, and work achievements. Here are some tips to help you create a resume:
- Briefly describe your experience. Emphasize skills and previous experience that are relevant to the position. Read the job description and the job posting to determine the skills required for the position and include them in your resume.
- Customize your resume. Rewrite or rephrase your resume to emphasize why you are the best fit for the position. Focus on numbers, data, and other facts to demonstrate your relevance to the position.
- Make it easy to read. Use clear, simple language to make your resume easy to read and effective.
- Use reverse chronological order. List your most recent experience or educational qualifications first, followed by your previous ones. Check for grammatical, spelling and typographical errors. You can also ask a trusted colleague or friend from Belgium or other EU countries to give feedback and advice on your resume.
Belgium