TOEFL and IELTS language exams: features and differences

To enter a foreign university or work in international companies, foreigners must confirm their level of knowledge of the English language by passing the TOEFL and IELTS language tests. Learn more about the main features or differences between them

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Taking an international language exam is a necessary step for admission to a foreign university, work migration, or obtaining certain types of visas. TOEFL and IELTS remain the most common certifications; however, between 2023 and 2026, both tests underwent significant changes in format, duration, and scoring systems.

We’ll explain below exactly how TOEFL and IELTS differ in 2026, which test to choose for a specific country, and what new options are now available to applicants.

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What are TOEFL and IELTS?

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is an English language test developed by the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, D.C., and currently administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). IELTS (International English Language Testing System) is a joint initiative of the British Council, Cambridge English, and IDP: IELTS Australia. Both tests assess four language skills: reading, listening, writing, and speaking.

TOEFL scores are traditionally accepted by universities in the U.S. and Canada, while IELTS scores are accepted by educational institutions in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Most international universities recognize both certificates, so it’s worth checking the specific requirements of the institution you’re applying to.

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Key Differences Between TOEFL and IELTS

The main differences between TOEFL and IELTS in 2026 relate to test duration, format, scoring system, and regions where they are recognized. The TOEFL is administered in a shortened, adaptive format lasting approximately 90 minutes, while the IELTS takes about 2 hours and 45 minutes. Starting in 2026, both tests will be administered exclusively on a computer; however, the Speaking module in IELTS retains the live interview format.

Key comparison parameters:

• Developers: TOEFL — ETS (U.S.); IELTS — British Council, Cambridge English, and IDP: IELTS Australia.
• Duration: TOEFL—about 90 minutes; IELTS—about 2 hours and 45 minutes.
• Scoring scale: TOEFL—0–120 plus a new scale of 1.0–6.0; IELTS—1.0–9.0.
• Test versions: TOEFL—Academic; IELTS—Academic and General Training.
• Speaking format: TOEFL — recording responses via a microphone; IELTS — a live interview with an examiner.

About the cost of studying abroad in 2026 — find out more at the link.

TOEFL Format in 2026: Adaptive Testing and 90 Minutes

Effective January 21, 2026, ETS updated the TOEFL iBT format: the test duration was reduced to approximately 90 minutes, and the Reading and Listening sections became adaptive—the difficulty of the questions is adjusted to the test-taker’s level. The test consists of four sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing. The paper-based version of the TOEFL iBT was discontinued after January 20, 2024.

Scores are reported simultaneously on two scales: the traditional 0–120 scale and the new 1.0–6.0 scale, which is aligned with the CEFR. The dual scoring system will remain in effect during the transition period from 2026 to 2028. You can take the test at a certified test center or at home via the TOEFL iBT Home Edition service under online proctoring.

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IELTS Format in 2026: Transition to Computer-Based Testing

Starting June 27, 2026, IELTS will be available only in a computer-based format—the paper-based version has been officially discontinued. The Speaking module remains a live interview with a certified examiner. The test consists of four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking, with a total duration of approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes. For IELTS UKVI tests, the paper-based format was discontinued as of March 22, 2026.

IELTS is available in two versions: Academic—for university admission and Ph.D. programs—and General Training—for employment, immigration, and studies below the bachelor’s level. For the computer-based format, the One Skill Retake option is available—the opportunity to retake one section within 60 days after the main exam. This option is not available in the U.S. or for the hybrid “Writing on Paper” format.

Read also: Studying in English Abroad. Leading Universities Worldwide for International Students in 2026.

How to Choose Between TOEFL and IELTS?

The choice between TOEFL and IELTS depends on the country where you plan to study or work, your preferred test format, and your personal language habits. TOEFL is more commonly recommended for universities in the U.S. and Canada, while IELTS is preferred for the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. Candidates accustomed to American pronunciation will find TOEFL more comfortable; those who have studied British English will find IELTS more suitable.

Before registering for the exam, we recommend checking:

1. The purpose of the certificate—academic admission, a visa, or employment.
2. The requirements of your chosen university or employer regarding the specific test and minimum score.
3. Whether the One Skill Retake option is available for IELTS in the country where you’ll take the test.
4. The availability of TOEFL Home Edition centers for taking the test at home.

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Schedule a personalized consultation with an education lawyer on the Visit World portal to receive a step-by-step admission plan, a list of required documents, and recommendations regarding language proficiency certificates for your chosen country!

Reminder! In our previous article, we discussed studying in Europe as a path to a residence permit.

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